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{"id":18498,"date":"2020-07-15T12:51:44","date_gmt":"2020-07-15T12:51:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nous-sommes-responsables.ch\/?p=17501"},"modified":"2020-07-15T12:51:44","modified_gmt":"2020-07-15T12:51:44","slug":"la-pauvrete-recule","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/verantwortung-leben.ch\/fr\/developpement\/la-pauvrete-recule\/","title":{"rendered":"La pauvret\u00e9 recule"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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\"\"<\/figure>
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1er<\/sup> objectif de l\u2019ONU: pas de\npauvret\u00e9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le premier objectif de l\u2019Agenda 2030 est l\u2019\u00e9limination\nde la pauvret\u00e9. Celle-ci suppose des moyens financiers pour l\u2019aide dans les\nr\u00e9gions pauvres, mais aussi des projets tels que l\u2019am\u00e9nagement de syst\u00e8mes d\u2019irrigation.\nC\u2019est ainsi que la vie quotidienne des personnes concern\u00e9es peut \u00eatre\nam\u00e9lior\u00e9e. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n

<\/div>\n\n\n\n

En 1800, 85% de la population mondiale vivaient\ndans un d\u00e9nuement extr\u00eame. Seule une toute petite \u00e9lite jouissait d\u2019un meilleur\nniveau de vie. La faim r\u00e9gnait partout dans le monde. L\u2019eau courante \u00e9tait un\nluxe absolu. Le travail des enfants constituait la norme. Les m\u00e9dicaments\n\u00e9taient soit trop chers, soit inexistants. Les petites infections \u00e9taient, d\u00e8s\nlors, souvent mortelles. Jusqu\u2019en 1966, l\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 \u00e9tait tout sauf une\nexception: elle \u00e9tait la r\u00e8gle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les bienfaits de la croissance \u00e9conomique<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Ce n\u2019est que dans les ann\u00e9es 1970 que les\nconditions de vie ont commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 s\u2019am\u00e9liorer tout autour de la plan\u00e8te. L\u2019extr\u00eame\npauvret\u00e9 s\u2019est mise \u00e0 reculer rapidement sous l\u2019effet de la croissance\n\u00e9conomique. Depuis l\u2019an 2000, elle a r\u00e9gress\u00e9 comme jamais dans l\u2019histoire de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.\nRien qu\u2019en Inde, les personnes vivant en dessous du seuil de pauvret\u00e9 sont, en\n2020, 270 millions de moins qu\u2019en 2000. En Chine, cette population s\u2019est\nr\u00e9duite de 500 millions de personnes et en Am\u00e9rique latine de 35 millions\nde personnes. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

O\u00f9 en sommes-nous aujourd\u2019hui?<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\nChaque jour, 192 000 personnes dans le\nmonde passent au-dessus du seuil de pauvret\u00e9. La part de la population mondiale\nen situation d\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9 n\u2019est plus que de 10%, ce qui repr\u00e9sente 730 millions\nde personnes environ. C\u2019est encore beaucoup. La lutte contre l\u2019extr\u00eame pauvret\u00e9\ndoit donc rester une priorit\u00e9 absolue. Ses instruments privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s sont la\npaix, l\u2019\u00e9ducation, les soins m\u00e9dicaux de base, l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, l\u2019eau potable,\nles contraceptifs et les micro-cr\u00e9dits, qui dynamisent l\u2019\u00e9conomie locale. L\u2019objectif\nreste celui-ci: \u00e9radiquer la pauvret\u00e9 en tant que cause de souffrance humaine. \n\n\n\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Sources<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rosling, Hans (2018). Factfullness, pp. 32 ss.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Donn\u00e9es de 1800 \u00e0 1980: Bourguignon et Morrisson\n(2002). Inequality Among World Citizens: 1820\u20131992. Dans l\u2019American Economic\nReview<\/em> 92(4), pp. 727\u2013748<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Donn\u00e9es de 1981 \u00e0 2015: Banque mondiale, PovCal Net\n(base de donn\u00e9es): iresearch.worldbank.org\/PovcalNet\/<\/a><\/p>\n